Fig. 4From: Pitching stability of diving seabirds during underwater locomotion: a comparison among alcids and a penguinGAMM analysis on the angular velocity RMS (Trial 2). Pattern of the effect of a–c the dynamic acceleration RMS, and d–f the current depth percentage of each species (a, d ADPE; b, e BRGU; c, f RHAU) on the angular velocity RMS (Trial 2). Estimated smoothing functions (solid lines) with 95 % point-wise confidence intervals (dashed lines). s() and the number in the parenthesis indicate the smoothing term and the estimated degrees of the smoother, respectively. The vertical lines along the x-axis indicate the values of observationsBack to article page