Annual spatiotemporal migration schedules in three larger insectivorous birds: European nightjar, common swift and common cuckoo

Jacobsen, Lars Bo; Jensen, Niels Odder; Willemoes, Mikkel; Hansen, Lars; Desholm, Mark; Fox, Anthony D.; Tøttrup, Anders P.; Thorup, Kasper

doi:10.1186/s40317-017-0119-x

Animal Biotelemetry

Table 1 Mean, standard deviation (SD) and number of individuals [n] in each analysis of timing, duration, distance and speed for different legs of the migration for each of the three different species

From: Annual spatiotemporal migration schedules in three larger insectivorous birds: European nightjar, common swift and common cuckoo

Parameter	Nightjar (SD) [n]	Cuckoo (SD) [n]	Swift (SD) [n]	P model	P Ni_Cu	P Ni_Sw	P Cu_Sw
Timing (day of year one)
Dep. breeding	250 (7) [6]	191 (13) [8]	222 (8) [9]	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Arr. Sahel	280 (5) [6]	263 (15) [6]	244 (11) [8]	0.000	0.018	0.000	0.006
Dep. Sahel	294 (3) [6]	301 (12) [6]	280 (15) [8]	0.014	0.371	0.040	0.005
Arr. C. Africa	301 (3) [6]	307 (14) [6]	288 (16) [7]	0.044	0.451	0.080	0.017
Dep. C. Africa	449 (15) [6]	450 (21) [5]	471 (11) [7]	0.036	0.897	0.021	0.036
Arr. W. Africa	455 (16) [6]	458 (18) [5]	481 (11) [7]	0.015	0.753	0.008	0.021
Dep. W. Africa	475 (10) [4]	487 (12) [4]	495 (4) [10]	0.001	0.035	0.000	0.083
Arr. breeding	493 (12) [3]	505 (12) [3]	506 (6) [10]	0.104	0.120	0.038	0.812
Duration (days)
Breeding Sahel	30 (10) [6]	57 (15) [3]	27 (10) [7]	0.004	0.004	0.649	0.002
Sahel–C. Africa	7 (2) [6]	6 (4) [5]	8 (5) [6]	0.875	0.755	0.837	0.612
Fall	52 (9) [6]	113 (31) [5]	69 (21) [8]	0.001	0.000	0.161	0.002
Fall stops	31 (8) [6]	88 (30) [5]	43 (20) [8]	0.001	0.000	0.323	0.001
C. Africa–W. Africa	6 (2) [6]	8 (4) [5]	9 (6) [7]	0.463	0.549	0.222	0.573
W. Africa breeding	23 (6) [3]	18 (2) [3]	11 (5) [10]	0.005	0.270	0.003	0.038
Spring	55 (13) [3]	65 (7) [3]	34 (9) [7]	0.001	0.206	0.008	0.001
Spring stops	40 (11) [3]	48 (7) [3]	20 (8) [6]	0.002	0.255	0.009	0.001
Breeding	127 (15) [3]	49 (3) [3]	82 (11) [9]	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
C. Africa	148 (15) [6]	139 (23) [5]	183 (13) [7]	0.001	0.422	0.002	0.000
Migration	100 (16) [3]	185 (25) [3]	105 (19) [5]	0.001	0.001	0.758	0.001
Non-migration	265 (16) [3]	180 (25) [3]	260 (19) [5]	0.001	0.001	0.758	0.001
Distance (km)
Breeding Sahel	4656 (925) [6]	5048 (89) [6]	6693 (675) [5]	0.000	0.323	0.000	0.001
Sahel–C. Africa	3560 (479) [6]	1822 (503) [6]	2310 (516) [5]	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.128
Fall	8215 (760) [6]	6870 (528) [6]	7954 (1379) [10]	0.085	0.041	0.639	0.063
C. Africa–W. Africa	1658 (906) [5]	1986 (572) [5]	2912 (963) [7]	0.056	0.553	0.025	0.084
W. Africa breeding	5555 (815) [5]	5691 (146) [3]	5906 (291) [10]	0.413	0.705	0.203	0.507
Spring	7180 (1015) [6]	7898 (376) [3]	7944 (1729) [10]	0.572	0.485	0.313	0.961
Speed (km/day)
Breeding Sahel	178 (92) [6]	92 (24) [3]	316 (76) [4]	0.010	0.153	0.021	0.004
Sahel–C. Africa	577 (258) [6]	371 (120) [5]	553 (370) [4]	0.406	0.212	0.885	0.316
Fall	162 (30) [6]	65 (17) [5]	161 (103) [9]	0.065	0.044	0.981	0.032
C. Africa–W. Africa	281 (177) [5]	363 (328) [3]	369 (163) [7]	0.750	0.596	0.477	0.964
W. Africa breeding	236 (63) [3]	313 (29) [3]	666 (305) [10]	0.033	0.720	0.024	0.055
Spring	131 (52) [3]	122 (17) [3]	331 (131) [10]	0.012	0.924	0.017	0.014

P model is the p value of a general linear model with species as predictor, and the other three p values are testing pairwise differences between species (Ni nightjar, Cu cuckoo, Sw swift). p values <0.05 are in italics. p values <0.0016 (applying a Bonferroni correction) are in italic underline

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ISSN: 2050-3385

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