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Table 2 Tag volumes and mass relative to body mass from select recent studies in four aquatic mammal species using intra-abdominal dual FITs

From: Best practice recommendations for the use of fully implanted telemetry devices in pinnipeds

Species

Tags

n

ml/kg

% Body mass

Effect testing

References

California sea lion

LHX

2

2.2 (3.1)

0.13 (0.18)

1,2,5,6

[43]

California sea lion

LHX + LHX

2

2.4 (2.9)

0.14 (0.17)

1,2,5,6

[43]

Steller sea lion

LHX

2

1.8 (1.9)

0.10 (0.11)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

[43, 46, 49, 57, 60, 63, 65]

Steller sea lion

LHX + LHX

34

3.1 (5.5)

0.18 (0.32)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10

[43, 46, 49, 57, 59,60,61,62,63,64,65]

Steller sea lion

LHX + LHX2

9

2.8 (3.8)

0.17 (0.23)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

[49, 59,60,61,62,63,64,65]

Harbor seal (pup)

LHX2

3

6.0 (6.3)

0.41 (0.43)

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10

[53]

Harbor seal

LHX2 + LHX2

10

2.5 (3.6)

0.17 (0.24)

6,7,8,9,10

[Horning et al. unpubl. data]

Sea otter

VHF + TDR

31

5.0 (7.1)

0.68 (0.97)

n/a

[40, 47]

  1. For applications with multiple internal tags, volumes and masses are summed. n refers to sample sizes in referenced studies. Mean values are listed with maximum ratios in parentheses, and sample size is indicated. Effect testing conducted in these studies—some continuing—is indicated with references to publications
  2. Effect testing 1. captive postop monitoring ≥6 weeks, mass (gain), appetence, 2. postoperative transmitted temperatures, 3. CBC and differential, 4. acute and chronic inflammatory responses measures, 5. captive behavior, 6. postrelease movement, 7. postrelease behavior, 8. postrelease survival, 9. postrelease reproduction, 10. in progress/continuing