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Table 4 GAMM with the square root of the daily median ground speed included as dependent variable, interaction between tag attachment and group as fixed term and individual identity as random intercept

From: Wing tags severely impair movement in African Cape Vultures

Coeff

Est

SE

t

p

Intercept

2.67

0.05

58.34

***

Patagial att

− 0.17

0.07

− 2.59

**

Captive group

0.02

0.06

0.36

NS

Patagial:captive

− 0.09

0.09

− 1.05

NS

Smooth terms

Edf

Ref. df

F

p

Tracking duration

5.60

5.60

7.20

***

N. Loc

6.30

6.30

85.68

***

Date

4.50

8.00

3.06

***

Random effects

Intercept Std. Dev

N. Groups

  

Individuals

0.10

27

  

N. Observations

2848

  

Adjusted R

0.26

  
  1. Number of days since deployment, number of locations and day of the year were included as smooth terms. The model was fitted with the restricted maximum likelihood using the gaussian family
  2. NS p\(\ge\)0.05; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001