Table 2 Description of the energetic costs for each behaviour, the acceleration range observed for each behaviour and the line equations used to calculate the energetic costs of each behaviour

Standing

\({\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2}\) at rest measured in this study at different temperatures and accounting for DBA

0–1.22

y = 66.95 + 0.15T_a² + − 7.97T_a + W + A

Resting

Lying down has been measured to use 29% less energy than standing for goats (Dailey and Hobbs, 1989)

0–0.434

y = (66.95 + 0.15T_a² + − 7.97T_a + W + A) *0.29

Eating

\({\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2}\) at rest measured in this study at equivalent DBA

0.218–1.01

y = 66.95 + 0.15T_a² + − 7.97 T _a + W + A

Walking

Walking \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2}\) measured in this study at different speeds and terrain slopes at equivalent DBA

0.105–0.786

y = − 75.622 + α_j + (642.345 + γ_i) *A + T_a + W

Running

The additional cost of this gait was estimated as 2.5 time the energetic cost of walking (Parker, Robbins and Hanley, 1984)

0.786–1.67

y = − 75.622 + α_j + (642.345 + γ_i) *A + T_a + W) *2.5

α_l = 0, γ_l = 0

α_p = − 88.393, γ_p = 2072.780

α_n = 11.853, γ_n = 227.434

Other

Energetic cost not included