Table 1 Examples of the use of HRV or HR measurement in animals
From: Alternative measurement systems for recording cardiac activity in animals: a pilot study
Author, source | Animal | Use | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
Rushen et al. [24] | Cattle | Impact of the environment and human presence on the quantity of produced milk | Higher HR and lower milk production in isolate cows |
Rushen et al. [25] | Cattle | Impact of human behaviour in presence of cows on the quantity of produced milk | Higher HR and lower milk production, if the cows were in the presence of a person who behaved aversively |
Kovacs et al. [37] | Cattle | Assessment of health (lameness) | Lower HR and higher HRV in cows with lameness |
Stubsjøen et al. [38] | Sheep | Assessment of health (lameness) | Higher HRV in sheep with lameness |
Mesangeau et al. [44] | Miniature pigs | Model for early detection of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy | Higher resting HR and lower HRV in pigs with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy |
Voss et al. [45] | Pigs | Model for sudden infant death syndrome | Lower HRV in pigs during external warming |
Guidi et al. [19] | Horse | Estimation of the human–horse interaction for equine assisted therapy | Quantitative measure of the human-horse interaction using HRV is viable |
Perkins et al. [40] | Horse | Assessment of health (grass sickness) | Lower HRV in horses with grass sickness |
Rietmann et al. [41] | Horse | Assessment of pain after short-term and long-term treatment of laminitis | Decrease of high-frequency component of HRV is attributable to an increase in pain |
Kuwahara et al. [42] | Horse | Assessment of health (atrial fibrillation) | Higher low-frequency and high-frequency power of HRV in horses with atrial fibrillation |
McConachie et al. [43] | Horse | Assessment of health (acute gastrointestinal disease) | Lower HRV in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease |
Janczarek et al. [47] | Horse | Impact on racing performance | Higher HRV, better racing results |
Munsters et al. [49] | Horse | Impact of police training on welfare | No significant changes in HR and HRV were detected, training is not stressful for both experienced and inexperienced horses |
Voss et al. [48] | Horse | Assessment o f degree of load during training | Rise of HR and decrease of HRV was observed with increasing burden level |
König von Borstel et al. [30] | Horse | Temperament test | HR and HRV were lowest when the horses were led and/or no human was present |
Nagel et al. [39] | Horse | Monitoring progress of delivery | Higher mother’s HR immediately before delivery, higher HRV only during delivery |