Table 2 Summary of ECG electrode placement for the measurement of cardiac activity in animals
From: Alternative measurement systems for recording cardiac activity in animals: a pilot study
Author, source | Animal | Electrode placement system | Number of electrodes | ECG electrode placement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hopster et al. [13] | Cattle | – | 3 | Electrodes placed on the left front leg, left part of the abdomen, and left hind leg |
Konold et al. [95] | Cattle | Base-apex | 3 | Negative electrode: left scapula, positive electrode: left intercostal space ground, electrode: left paralumbar fossa |
Depres et al. [50] | Cattle | – | 2 | Electrodes placed along the sternum and on the right scapula |
Tajik et al. [96] | Sheep | Base-apex | 3 | The negative electrode: left side of the neck on the jugular furrow, positive electrode: fifth intercostal space, ground electrode: away from the other two electrodes |
Guidi et al. [19] Lanata et al. [83] Lanata et al. [84] | Horse | Modified base-apex | 2 | Electrodes integrated into an elastic band and placed in the area behind the left front leg |
Lenoir et al. [57] Zucca et al. [88] | Horse | – | 5 | The positive electrode: left side of the thorax behind the olecranon, negative electrode: left side of the chest behind the withers, ground electrode: above the left mid-thorax between these electrodes |
Costa et al. [97] | Horse | Dubois method | 4 | Measuring electrodes: right scapula, left scapula, region of the sternum (over the xiphoid); ground electrode: left front leg |