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Table 2 Formula and descriptions for non-sequential summary statistics \(t_k(w) = \sum _j Y_{jk}\) formed from different choices of \(Y_{jk}\)

From: Kernel density estimation of conditional distributions to detect responses in satellite tag data

Order-sensitivity

k

Description of \(t_k(w) = \sum _j Y_{jk}\)

\(Y_{jk}\)

None

1

Time on or near surface

\({\varvec{1}} \left\{ z_j \in {\mathcal {S}} \right\}\)

 

2

Average depth

\(z_j / W\)

 

3

Time in deep dives

\(\ell (z_j)\)

Pairwise

4

Time spent ascending

\({\varvec{1}} \left\{ d_j < 0 \right\}\)

 

5

Time spent descending

\({\varvec{1}} \left\{ d_j > 0 \right\}\)

 

6

Time spent without vertical movement

\({\varvec{1}} \left\{ d_j = 0 \right\}\)

 

7

Total vertical distance traveled

\(\vert d_j \vert\)

 

8

Total ascent distance

\(\vert d_j \vert {\varvec{1}} \left\{ d_j < 0 \right\}\)

 

9

Total descent distance

\(\vert d_j \vert {\varvec{1}} \left\{ d_j > 0 \right\}\)

 

10

Total vertical direction changes

\({\varvec{1}} \left\{ \text{ H }(d_{j+1}) \ne \text{ H }(d_j) \right\}\)

  1. The set \({\mathcal {S}}\) on line 1 represents the range of depths defined to be “surface depths”. The indicator function \({\varvec{1}}\left\{ \cdot \right\}\) throughout evaluates to 1 if the argument is true, and 0 otherwise. The Heaviside function \(\text{ H }(x)\) on line 10 equals 1 if \(x>0\), 1/2 if \(x=0\), and 0 if \(x<0\)