Spatial behavior of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Northern Apennines: are we managing them correctly?

Table 1 Data on red deer monitored in the Northern Apennines 2011–2017

ID	Capture date	Sex	Age¹	Monitoring in months	GPS locations (n)	Category	Total HR (km²)	Primary seasonal range (km²)	Migration range (km²)	Onset migration²	Return month²	BC Resident range	BC Migration range	Distance between ranges (Km)
9049	24/08/2011	F	Y	28	1407	Migrant	16.56	10.66	5.89	August	October	0.94	0.91	9.812
9046	14/09/2011	M	A	13	1204	Resident	10.13	–	–
8806	10/09/2012	F	A	33	1037	Migrant	25.04	19.18	5.85	April	August	0.93	0.82	13.029
9044	25/09/2012	M	Y	21	1479	Disperser	166.88	–	–
9052	09/10/2012	M	A	12	629	Resident	25.98	–	–
9050	10/02/2013	F	Y	12	594	Resident	16.29	–	–
11,289	05/09/2013	F	Y	16	1350	Disperser	29.52	19.70	9.82	October	No return			10.282
11,760	18/09/2013	F	A	55	3467	Migrant	38.20	18.34	19.86	April	August	0.83	0.82	20.100
11,762	10/12/2013	F	A	27	2233	Resident	5.11	–	–
11,759	12/12/2013	F	A	55	3214	Migrant	61.63	46.60	15.03	October	December	0.87	0.73	10.291
11,765	25/09/2014	M	A	15	1543	Resident	36.73	–	–
11,766	25/09/2014	M	A	17	1651	Migrant	39.43	33.12	6.31	August	November		0.64	8.740
11,746	23/10/2015	M	A	24	1946	Resident	18.15	–	–

AKDE HR: Autocorrelated Density Kernel Estimator home range (see text for explanation). BC: Bhattacharyya Affinity expressing spatial overlap
¹Upon capture: Y: 8–22 months; A: females > 22 months; males > 5 years
²For multiple years, the median month is given

ISSN: 2050-3385