Fig. 4
From: Are opportunistic captures of neonate ungulates biasing relative estimates of litter size?
Mean new hoof growth per litter (a proxy for neonate age) associated with captures of neonate mule deer during 2019–2021 in Utah, USA. Capture methods included visually scanning for females displaying postpartum behaviors (opportunistic), monitoring movement patterns of females with tracking collars (movement-based), and searching the area surrounding expelled vaginal implant transmitters (VITs; VIT-aided). Bars represent 95% confidence intervals