Table 1 The four specific criteria were adopted to establish the data quality objectives for the project

1

Detect changes in trajectory

Mean error ≤1.77 m

Many trajectory based analyses are only preserved when the average position error is <10% of the mean step length [17]. Transmission delay was (33.4 s), sea lamprey ground speed is 0.53 ms^-1 [18, 19], equating to a step length of 17.7 m.

2

Assign behavioral state (moving or stationary) to fish positions

Max error <15 m

Simple behavioral assignment of moving or stationary with first passage time analysis, which is a measure of the time it takes an individual to leave a circle of fixed radius r drawn around each measured location to determine if movement is occurring [20, 21]. Based on prior analyses, a displacement of greater than 15 m per transmission at the average tag transmission rate (33.4 s) could result in a false designation of moving when the fish was stationary.

3

Assign habitat to fish positions

2DRMS ≤6 m

To ensure accurate assignment of each estimated fish position to habitat types that are defined at the resolution of 18 × 18 m grid cells we selected a twice the distance root mean square (2DRMS) error of <6 m for our selected HPE values.

4

Balance loss of acceptable data and retention of unacceptable data

Retain 95% of acceptable data, Reject ≥99% of unacceptable data

To ensure accurate assignment of each estimated fish position to habitat types while avoiding loss of accurate data. We aimed to keep 95% of acceptable data (≤6 m) while retaining <1% of unacceptable data (>6 m) of all retained positions (unacceptable data remaining/all retained positions × 100).