Testing cellular phone-enhanced GPS tracking technology for urban carnivores

Table 2 Home ranges, effective sample sizes (n_effective), and range crossing times of collared raccoons

ID	Range crossing time (h)	n _effective	AKDE
ID	Range crossing time (h)	n _effective	95% area (km²)	Min CI (km²)	Max CI (km²)	50% area (km²)	Min CI (km²)	Max CI (km²)
B1	10.19	133.90	10.33	8.30	12.59	3.15	2.53	3.83
B2	11.16	56.36	11.68	7.98	16.07	2.03	1.39	2.79
M1_summer	47.34	2.20	223.40	46.44	536.66	56.16	11.68	134.92
M1_winter	5.58	63.46	18.45	13.08	24.72	4.74	3.36	6.35
M2	40.18	11.79	26.52	11.01	48.72	6.00	2.49	11.02
M3	29.34	7.91	24.06	8.93	46.53	5.86	2.18	11.35
M4	13.28	11.91	17.96	7.63	32.64	4.88	2.07	8.87
F1	1.78	303.62	3.32	2.72	3.97	0.80	0.66	0.96

ID	Range crossing time (h)	n _effective	KDE
ID	Range crossing time (h)	n _effective	95% area (km²)	Min CI (km²)	Max CI (km²)	50% Area (km²)	Min CI (km²)	Max CI (km²)
B1	10.19	133.90	9.32	8.63	10.03	2.72	2.52	2.93
B2	11.16	56.36	9.31	8.29	10.39	1.16	1.03	1.29
M1_summer	47.34	2.20	42.65	32.85	53.72	10.12	7.79	12.74
M1_winter	5.58	63.46	14.23	12.75	15.79	3.98	3.57	4.42
M2	40.18	11.79	7.21	6.36	8.10	1.10	0.97	1.24
M3	29.34	7.91	12.06	10.23	14.05	2.54	2.16	2.96
M4	13.28	11.91	6.85	5.59	8.23	1.69	1.38	2.03
F1	1.78	303.62	3.31	2.91	3.73	0.83	0.73	0.93

Home ranges were estimated at both the 95 and 50 quantiles via autocorrelated KDE and conventional KDE. Note the larger range estimates and wider confidence intervals of the AKDE method, which accurately accounts for (i) autocorrelation between relocations; (ii) the number of range crossing events observed; and (iii) the error associated with each fix

ISSN: 2050-3385