Fig. 8
From: How often should dead-reckoned animal movement paths be corrected for drift?
a One penguin’s dead-reckoned track calculated with- (green) and without- (blue) current integration and 3 variant VP correction rates (left panel). b Differences in net error when dead-reckoned tracks were iteratively integrated with space- and time-correction (net error estimates obtained from 5 penguin datasets). The boxes denote the median and 25–75% interquartile range and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. c An uncorrected dead-reckoned tropicbird flight path, relative to GPS, both with (green) and without (blue) current integration. Note the clustering of fixes (e.g., due to animal not moving much for extended periods of time) that can occur when using temporal sub-sampling routines (a more refined method could include using a VP correction rate of 1 fix every ‘x’ m moved (e.g., as estimated between VPs)).