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Table 2 Locations obtained within range of a gateway (Y) and their distance in kilometres to the nearest LoRaWAN Gateway and locations which were recorded by the device while out of gateway range (N) which were transmitted a posteriori

From: Characterisation of a new lightweight LoRaWAN GPS bio-logger and deployment on griffon vultures Gyps fulvus

Bird ID

Gateway range

Count

Minimum distance (km)

Mean distance (km)

Max distance (km)

Standard deviation distance (km)

Percent

Eduardo_9012

N

283

14.8

81.8

106

32.4

94.6

Eduardo_9012

Y

16

8.6

29.6

50.2

9.21

5.4

Marta_7DA6

N

1625

9.3

34.5

54.2

13.9

85.1

Marta_7DA6

Y

284

4.1

21.5

53.4

6.99

14.9